Expansion to four-digit area codes is already provided for in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). All existing area codes would have 9 added in between the first and second digits (notice no current area codes have 9 and the second digit). That would provide for a 10x expansion to over 6,000 area codes within the NANP.
The issue would remain, of course, that a lot of US-based software only has room for ten digits.
H: ( [ ] ) [ ] - [ ]
Which makes such software unusable even in Mexico or EU. Of course, not a problem for domestic-only things.
SSN may be another numerical ID with the same set of issues - low capacity of the system and rigid notation.
Bolded portion especially true. A US company who only does business with customers within a 300-mile radius has no need for software that
doesn't assume 123-456-7890 telephone number format.
Incidentally, the computer programs I use at work assume that format. You just type "5254545656" and it outpurs "525 454-5656". These are programs provided by the phone company.