A recent study finds that, driven the greatest end-to-end distance (Gateway to Clarks Summit via Mid-County) and using Toll-By-Plate, the PA Turnpike is the most expensive toll road worldwide.
https://www.buckscountycouriertimes.com/story/news/2021/03/03/pa-turnpike-tolls-most-expensive/6902492002/The biggest issue that I have with this is that the study compares toll facilities without regard to their length, i.e. long-distance turnpikes, toll bridges, and everything in between. A better comparison would be comparing toll facilities by cost per unit of distance, either miles or kilometers, including methods of payment.
For comparison purposes, an example I'll use is the PA Turnpike vs the West Virginia Turnpike. Currently, it costs 13.6 cents/mile to travel the WV Turnpike regardless of payment method (unless you're in the single fee program). The PA Turnpike is more expensive (by a lot) if you pay by mail (25.5 cents/mile), but CHEAPER using EZ Pass (12.6 cents/mile).
Another example using a much shorter distance would be the Delaware Turnpike portion of I-95, which costs 33.3 cents/mile regardless of payment method ($4 to travel from the MD line to I-295).
The Holland Tunnel costs between $11.75 and $16, depending on payment method and time of day, to travel 1.62 miles. That's at least $7.25/mile! Exactly why comparing toll facilities needs to account for distance traveled and other factors.