There is still a few in Evansville. I noticed them both just north and south of Morgan Avenue on Fares Ave. Admittedly, there aren't very many left.
When US 41 was relocated in the early 70's, many of the motels and gas stations were still adequate and dependent on the traveler for business, which made designating the old route as Business 41 practical. Now, there really aren't any service stations relying on travelers on this route, and I can't imagine anyone passing through town staying at any of the motels on the old route. I am sure they are all just flop houses or hourly rate beds.
Another note, since the Lloyd Expressway blocked Kentucky Avenue, the old US 41 route isn't even complete through Evansville any longer. Kind of hard to have a business route/loop when it isn't even complete from end to end.