I believe, in most cases, that a route number ending in 0 or 5 trumps routes ending in 1,2,3,4,6,7,8, or 9.
Probably depends on the situation. Some examples of another digit over an x0/x5 are obvious why, like I-76 over I-70 in PA. I-59 over I-20 in MS was mentioned earlier in the thread. Illinois is the worst offender if x0 or x5 exit numbers should take priority over the other digits, with I-57 over I-70 and I-94 over I-90. I already mentioned why I-90 should have exit number priority over I-94 in the op, and the I-57 over I-70 makes sense, with the former route having higher exit numbers in the state.
And then there's another situation that is interesting; toll road mileage over an interstate's mileage. I know why the NY Thruway does it; to not have duplicated exit numbers on the toll road. But for some other examples, like the Kansas turnpike over I-70's, why? I don't think the Kansas Turnpike would have exit numbers between 366 and 410 by itself, so duplication is not a reason for the turnpike.