I-490 in NY is an interesting case. It's pretty close, but clips Genesee and Ontario counties on either end for 3 counties total. About 34 of its 37 miles are in Monroe County.
Other NY interstates that are entirely within one county...
-I-481, Onondaga County, 15.1 miles
-I-690, Onondaga County, 14.2 miles
-I-99, Steuben County, 13.1 miles
-I-290, Erie County, 10.2 miles
-I-787, Albany County, 9.6 miles
-I-990, Erie County, 6.4 miles
-I-590, Monroe County, 5.0 miles
-I-781, Jefferson County, 4.9 miles
-I-790, Oneida County, 2.3 miles