US-6 between Provo/I-15 and Green River/I-70[...]that's the main gateway between Salt Lake and Denver.
Bullshit.
Then what is the main gateway?
I have posted about this in probably three other threads: I-80. From city center to city center, I-25 to US 287 to I-80 is 15 minutes and 7 miles shorter than I-70 to US 6 to I-15. Obviously these numbers will vary a bit depending on exactly where in either metro your origin and destination are, but the point stands.
I-80, while not particularly scenic, is a much flatter route and is far better suited for truck traffic under normal conditions. I-70 has two values as a SLC-Denver route: 1) as a slightly longer, far more scenic route for recreational travelers and 2) as an alternate for when it's blizzarding in Wyoming and I-80 is closed. Believe it or not, despite its ski traffic and high mountain passes 70 is probably a more reliable route over the continental divide than 80 for precisely this reason.
Why is I-80 more prone to blizzards?
While I cannot speak of the meteorological reasons why it gets so damn windy in Wyoming,, much of South-Central Wyoming (including I-80) is either flat or very-gently rolling hills with not much in the form of trees, buildings, etc... that will block or slow the winds.
And the reason why WyDOT tends to close large swaths of roadway during inclement weather is likely because:
A) The traffic counts per mile vs. Snow maintenance costs per mile is very costly.
B) There is not enough manpower to keep the roads passable when there are near-blizzard conditions. Instead, they close down the roads and wait until the weather tones down.
There are advance warning signs on US-191 in Utah that will flash when the road is closed in Wyoming at the border. At least there, the alternate route is UT-44/UT-43/WY-530 which will get you to I-80 Green River, and is less than a 30-minute difference if you take that route to Rock Springs.
However, if you want to get into Wyoming from CO-13 in Colorado, and they close WY-789 at Baggs, you're pretty much screwed if you want to go further north into the state.