I've been wondering what the maximum recorded wind speed is outside of a hurricane, tornado, or similar storm. I haven't been able to find the answer online.
231 mph gust on Mount Washington in 1934, which remains the fastest gust ever measured by humans.
The fastest wind ever measured by an anemometer was a 254 mph gust on an Australian island during a 1996 tropical cyclone, measured by an unmanned weather station. That should count, in my opinion, because hurricanes exist on a big enough scale that this kind of thing is measurable - after all, we count low pressure records set in tropical cyclones. Fastest ever recorded was 301 mph in the 1999 Moore tornado, but the key difference here is that was an
estimate made by a mobile Doppler weather radar, which also had a measurement error of ±20 mph - so the actual wind could have been anywhere from 281 to 321 mph.
The problem with tornadoes and hurricanes generally is they're just so violent and small-scale that you can't usually get direct measurements for them. Most anemometers will blow away (seriously) or otherwise stop functioning at speeds well below these. This is a big part of why, despite the relatively dense network of weather stations in the US, we have to do a lot of analysis after a hurricane hits to figure out its landfalling wind speed and pressure. The central pressure of an intense tornado might be even lower than some of the lowest hurricane pressures recorded, but how are you going to measure that? It's not like you can get in a tornado hunter plane and send a dropsonde into the eye.