Depends on the age and condition. I've seen rehabbed concrete pavements, with joint replacement, last about 10 to 15 years on average before needing major work.
I-64 between Frankfort and Midway, Kentucky, finished circa 1972, is still on its original pavement and was just diamond ground after numerous full-depth repairs for the second time.
Aerial. You can see just how much has been replaced with the prior project and the one that proceeded it around 2003.
Portions of I-88 in New York was diamond ground some years back (2003?) but it is in ridiculous condition. I posted a video in the New York forum of how jarring the expansion joints had become and why most drivers just stick to the left lane where the circa 1980 concrete still exists. Some of the absolute worst pavement I've ever driven on was the southernmost (and newest) section of I-88, which after 29 years was finally repaired with asphalt and diamond ground.
Aerial.
I can't imagine how bad I-81 would be if the concrete still remained and was repaired on a continual basis. With each asphalt overlay, the state will go in and complete full-depth repairs to the joints, but it's still a bumpy ride - even after the asphalt overlay is complete.