My take on the matter has always been to be consistent with the "tier." For example, I don't think CA-99 needs to be or ever will be an interstate, and that's okay because the entire thing is consistently CA-99. While the 210 is basically the same thing in practice, it's the fact it's state route and not interstate for now roughly half its length. To me, either make the whole thing CA-210, or I-210. Which I guess kind of agrees with what you're saying. I would agree with the seeming Caltrans mentality there is no need to make everything an interstate number (just bring things up to interstate specs), but at this point not having a complete I-210 seems lazy.
I think it really boils down to: budget and benefit. First, what would be the cost to change all the signs, both for Caltrans and the local agencies.
Then: What is the benefit of resigning? Does it bring in more federal maintenance funds? Does it change anything about the route?
If the answer is that it costs a lot of money for no real benefit, then the CTC/Caltrans will ask: Why do it? The funds can be better spent improving infrastructure around the state.
We all feel that these numbers are so important. But today, they really aren't. Renumbering existing routes doesn't bring federal funds. GPS routing for trucks makes the interstate designation less important (before, it designated truck-safe routes, which I've come to realize is the real reason for I-238 -- to get trucks off of I-580). There is no benefit to Caltrans from the renumbering, and the funds are better spent elsewhere.
Unless there's a major benefit, we're probably not going to see this reshielded.